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TRS-80 Computers: Model 100

by @ 12:10 pm on March 11, 2009.
TRS-80 Model 100/102 Page


Pictures
Model 100
TRS-80 Model 100
TRS-80 Model 100		         Model 102
TRS-80 Model 102


Facts About The Model 100/102
Model 100 Background
    The Model 100 was created by Kyocera in Japan and was based on the NEC PC-8201, and marketed by Radio Shack in the United States. It was introduced in 1983 at a price of about $799. It was followed by the Model 102, and the Model 200.
Model 100 Specifications
   
  • Introduced: 3/1983 at $800 for 8KB and $1,000 for 24KB
  • CPU: 2.4 MHz 80C85 CPU (CMOS version of the 8085 which was a special version of the 8080)
  • RAM: 8KB – 32KB (RAM also serves as a ram-drive)
  • Video: 2″ x 7.5″ LCD (not lit) with a maximum of 8 lines down, and 40 characters across
  • I/O: 1500 Baud Audio Casette Port; Parallel Port; Serial Port; Bar Code Port; 300 Baud Modem; External Disk Drive (optional)
  • Software: Built in BASIC, Address Book, Scheduler, Text Editor, and Terminal Program
  • Power: 4 “AA” Batteries
    • Model 102 Background
        The Model 102 was created by Kyocera in Japan, and marketed by Radio Shack in the United States. It was introduced in 1983 at a price of about $799. It was followed by the Model 102, and the Model 200.
    Model 102 Specifications
       
  • Catalog Number: 26-3803
  • Introduced: 1986 at $499
  • CPU: 2.4 MHz 80C85 CPU (CMOS version of the 8085 which was a special version of the 8080)
  • ROM: 32KB
  • RAM: 24KB – 32KB (RAM also serves as a ram-drive)
  • Video: 2″ x 7.5″ LCD (not lit) with a maximum of 8 lines down, and 40 characters across
  • I/O: 1500 Baud Audio Casette Port; Parallel Port; Serial Port; Bar Code Port; 300 Baud Modem; External Disk Drive (optional)
  • Software: Built in BASIC, Address Book, Scheduler, Text Editor, and Terminal Program
  • Power: 4 “AA” Batteries
  • Other: Was 1/2 inch thinner than the Model 100


    • TRS-80 Model 100 Emulators and Transfer Programs

    Platform Description Version Date Author Home Site
    Windows 
  • Virtual T Emulator
  • Virtual T Source
    		• v1.3 Sep. 25, 2008 Stephen James Hurd and Ken Pettit Home Page
    Platform   Description   Version   Date   Author Home Site  
    OSX Virtual T v1.1 Apr. 16, 2008 Stephen James Hurd and Ken Pettit Home Page
    Platform   Description   Version   Date   Author Home Site  
    DOS Virtual Vinessa v1.10 September 1988 Kurt Dekker

    Transferring

    Windows Desklinkis a program used to emulate a Tandy Portable Disk Drive on a DOS or Windows computer so that a Tandy/Radio Shack Model 100, 102, 200 may save and load files to a PC computer via a Model “T” computer DOS and null-modem cable. N/A March 11, 2005 Ron Wiesen
    Windows LAPDOS II is for use with NON-Windows PCs, Only! Transfer files between Model 100/102/200/NEC8201 or TPDD/TPDD2 and most all DOS computers. Supports all file types (.DO, .BA, and .CO). This is a “must have program” for DOS PC owners. CompLink cable required for Model T to DOS (see CompLink Cables). TPDD/TPDD2 connection requires only a simple port adapter to mate TPDD/TPDD2 cable to DOS COM1 or COM2 port. N/A N/A N/A


    Model 100 Product Specifications (RSC‑10)
    Year 1983
    Introductory Price $799.00 (8K) and $999 (24K)
    Reduced to $599/$799 in RSC‑12
    Catalog Number 26-3801 (8K)
    26-3802 (24K)
    Microprocessor 8-Bit 80C85 CMOS
    Clock Speed 2.4 MHz
    Memory 32K ROM; 8 or 24K RAM, expandable to 32K
    Keyboard Full-size 56-key typewriter style with embedded 10-key datapad, plus 8 programmable function keys, 4 command keys and 4 cursor control keys.
    Display 8 x 40 Liquid Crystal Display, upper and lower case ASCII Characters, 240 x 64 dot-matrix graphics.
    Modem Built-in FCC-registered direct-connect modem with auto-dialer. 300 baud. Originate and answer.
    Input/Output Parallel printer interface. RS-232C serial communications interface programmable up to 19,200 baud. Cassette tape interface loads at 1500 baud. Standard bar-code reader interface.
    Weight 3.9 Lbs
    Power Supply Operations – Up to 20 hours on 4 “AA” alkaline batteries or optional U.L. listed AC power supply. Memory – Internal rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries will maintain memory intact for up to 30 days with power off (depending on the amount of RAM installed) and are automatically recharged from “AA” batteries or AC power.


    Model 100 Product Description (RSC‑10)
    TRS-80 Model 100

    So small it’ll fit in your in-basket! The Model 100 is a true portable since it runs on batteries or optional AC adapter. And with its five built-in programs, Model 100 is truly revolutionary. Produce correction-free memos, letter sand reports with the personal word processing program, TEXT. Editing functions include finding, duplicating, deleting and moving text. With optional printer, you can print any of your files in selectable widths (up to 132 columns) without splitting words. SCHEDL turns the Model 100 into a mini-database for appointments, expenses, and “to-do’s”. And file away names, addresses and phone numbers with ADDRSS.

    More Built-In Features

    With its TELCOM program and built-in auto-dial modem, Model 100 can be used as a terminal for computer-to-computer communications or to access information services like Dow Jones News/Retrieval or CompuServe. There’s even a program to automatically dial your phone! Programmers will love Model 100′s Microsoft BASIC – an enhanced version of our popular Model III BASIC. You get full string handling, complete file operations, multidimension arrays, 14-digit double prevision math operations and more. Separate internal nickel-cadmium batteries retain memory data with power off.

    Complete Interface Capability

    Connect your Model 100 to any Radio Shack dot matrix, daisy wheel or graphic printer via the parallel interface. With the RS-232C interface, Model 100 can be connected to another computer – micro, mini or mainframe. The cassette interface lets you save or load programs, data and text at a fast 1500 baud using an optional recorder. You can even interchange text tapes withour new TRS-80 Model 4. Requires four “AA” batteries.

    Who is the Model 100 for?

    This portable computer provides a convenient workstation for exeutives, managers, researchers, students – anyone who wants immediate computing power wherever they go. Model 100′s compact size, five built-in programs and expansion options give it the versatility to be used at your desk, in the field or on the road. And with the built-in BASIC, you can write programs for your other applications.


    Model 102 Product Specifications (RSC‑17)
    Year 1987
    Introductory Price $499.00
    Catalog Number 26-3803
    Microprocessor 8-Bit 80C85 CMOS
    Clock Speed 2.4 MHz
    Memory 32K ROM; 24K RAM, expandable to 32K
    Keyboard Full-size 56-key typewriter style with embedded 10-key datapad, plus 8 programmable function keys, 4 command keys and 4 cursor control keys.
    Display 8 x 40 Liquid Crystal Display, upper and lower case ASCII Characters, 240 x 64 dot-matrix graphics.
    Modem Built-in FCC-registered direct-connect modem with auto-dialer. 300 baud. Originate and answer.
    Input/Output Parallel printer interface. RS-232C serial communications interface programmable up to 19,200 baud. Cassette tape interface loads at 1500 baud. Standard bar-code reader interface.
    Dimensions 1-1/2 x 11-7/8 x 8-1/2″
    Weight 3 Lbs
    Power Supply Operations – Up to 20 hours on 4 “AA” alkaline batteries or optional U.L. listed AC power supply. Memory – Internal rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries will maintain memory intact for up to 30 days with power off (depending on the amount of RAM installed) and are automatically recharged from “AA” batteries or AC power.


    Model 102 Product Description
    (RSC‑17)
    We’ve redesigned our best-selling portable – the famous Model 100 – into an even smaller package. But we’ve retained the same remarkable features, including five instant-on programs, an 8 x 40 display and a modem – all built in. Use the Tandy 102 as a personal word processor, address/phone directory, appointment calendar and telephone auto-dialer. Access other computers or national infomration services by phone with the built-in modem and communications program. You can even write your own programs in BASIC. Includes parallel, RS-232C, cassette and bar code reader interfaces. Only 3 lbs. Requires four “AA” batteries.
    (RSC‑19)
    Only 3 pounds and 1/2″ high! Use the Tandy 102 as a personal word processor, address/phone directory, appointment calendar and telephone auto-dialer. Access other computers or national information services by phone with the built-in modem and communications program. You can even write your own programs in BASIC. Includes parallel, RS-232C, cassette and bar code reader interfaces. Requires four “AA” batteries.
    (RSC‑20)
    Our lightest portable computer is now even better with 32K of RAM for more dynamic computing power. It only weighs 3 pounds and is 1-1/2 inches high – first easily in a briefcase. Five instant-on built-in programs let you use the Tandy 102 as a personal word processor, address/phone directory, appointment calendar and telephone auto-dialer. Access other computers or national informaiton services by phone with the built-in modem and communications program. And you can write your own programs in BASIC. The Tandy 102′s compact size, built-in programs and expansion options give it the versatility to be used at your desk, in the field or on the road. Includes paralell, RS-232C, cassette and bar code reader inferfaces. Requires four “AA” batteries.


    Accessories

    Computers
    Product Cat No. Price Description
    Model 100 (8K) 26-3801 $799.00 [Orig]
    $499.00 [RSC‑12]
    $399.00 [RSC‑14]    		  
    Model 100 (24K) 26-3802 $999.00 [Orig]
    $799.00 [RSC‑12]
    $599.00 [RSC‑14]    		  
    Model 102 26-3803 $499.00  

    Accessories
    Product Cat No. Price Description
    AC Adapter 26-3804 $5.95 Conserves battery power while at the office or at home. U.L. Listed.
    Model 100 Acoustic Coupler 26-3805 $39.95 Connects your Model 100 to a telephone handset when direct connection to a modular phone jack is not possible.
    Disk/Video Interface 26-3806 $799.00 Turn your Model 100 into a versatile disk-based home or office system! Built-in disk drive lets you create, store and retrieve files on diskette. It’s much faster and more reliable than cassette storage. Provides a 40-character by 25-line screen display on any television, and an 80 x 25 display when hooked to a standard video monitor. The larger screen is perfect for word processing or developing programs in BASIC. Just plug the Disk/Video Interface into an AC outlet, connect a TV or monitor and a Model 100 – all cables included. There’s no new operating system to learn and one simple command switches the display to the video screen. The Interface does not require use of Model 100′s standard connectors – so you have room for further expansion. You can add a printer, bar code reader, RS-232C communications device or cassette recorder. Requires Model 100 with 16K memory.
    Second Disk Drive 26-3807 $239.95 Installation not included.
    Tandy 200/Model 100 Portable Disk Drive 26-3808 $199.95 Get fast access to 100K of data on 3-1/2″ floppies. Features menu-driven operation, list of files on disk, plus FORMAT, SAVE, LOAD, KILL and RENAME functions. Transfers data at 19,200 baud. Battery warning lamp. disk access lamp. When the batteries are low, and the unit is in process of saving, loading or backing up, it will finish its job befwe shutting down. Unit will not function if batteries are low, but will finish the job. Initialization software included. Weighs 1-3/4 lbs. 2 x 4-15/16 x 6-1/8″. Requires four “AA” batteries or AC Adapter (not included).
    Model 100 System Briefcase 26-3809 $49.95 This compact briefcase provides plenty of room for your TRS-8 0Model 100, CCR-81 Cassette Recorder and cables. 20 x 14 x 4″
    Model 100 Carrying Case 26-3811 $49.95 [RSC‑12]
    $39.95    		 Compact carrying case for your Model 100 system – perfect for travel. Provides plenty of room for the Model 100 computer, cassette recorder and cables. Measures just 20 x 14 x 4″
    Model 100 Legs 26-3812 $3.99
    Portable Disk Drive 2 26-3814 $199.95 200K of data on 3-1/2″ floppies. Requires four “AA” batteries or AC Adapter (not included).
    Portable Disk Drive Carry Case 26-3815 $24.95
    Model 100 8K RAM Expansion 26-3816 $119.95 Add 8000 characters of memory. Up to three memory modules may be installed to give you a 32K Model 100. Installation required (not included).
    Model 102 8K RAM Expansion 26-3817 $14.95
    Model 100 Bar Code Reader 26-1183 $99.95 This optical scanning device is expressly for the Model 100 and is ideal for such tasks as billing, couponing and retail-item control. The pen-like wand simply plugs into Model 100′s standard bar code reader interface. Software drivers callable from BASIC allow the Model 100 to read the Universal Product Code, 3 of 9, or NATI bar code formats. Bar code wand contains “soft-touch” push-button switch to conserve power when not in use.
    TRP-100 26-1275 $299.95 Rugged and incredibly quiet (50 decibels) – perfect for use with Model 100. Use it anywhere – works on batteries or AC power! Weighs less than 5-1/2 lbs. 2-3/4 x 11-7/8 x 7″. U.L. listed AC operation or five “C” batteries (not included).
    Parallel Printer Cable 26-1409 $14.95
    Direct-Connect Modem Cable 26-1410 $19.95 Connects Model 100 to a modular phone jack. Includes one free hour (non-prinme time) on CompuServe and Dow Jones News/Retrieval.
    VM-2 Monochrome Monitor 26-3211 $159.95
    Acoustic Coupler 2 26-3818 $39.95

    Books
    Product Cat No. Price Description
    Tandy 102 Technical Reference Manual 26-252 $9.95 90 Pages.
    The Tandy 200 Portable Computer 26-3869 $19.95 by Dr. David Lien
    Model 100 Technical Reference Manual 26‑3810 9.95 Theory of operation on Model 100 hardware.
    The TRS-80 Model 100 Portable Computer 26‑3819 14.95 A complete step-by-step learner’s manual. Discusses the capabilities of the Model 100, plus a complete course in Model 100 BASIC.
    Portable Computing With the Model 100 26‑3820 14.95 Emphasizes practical applications of Model 100. Includes cassette tape with 12 programs

    Cassette Software
    Product Cat No. Price Description
    Assembler/Debugger 26-3823 $49.95 Debug, write and assemble machine language code.
    Bar Code Generator 26-3845 $34.95 Takes input from Model 100 TEXT files and produces bar codes in six forms. Requires 24K, Cassette recorder, printer and cables.
    Bar Code Reader 26-3846 $19.95 Allows bar code wand to read Interleaved Two of Five, Codabar and UPC-E bar codes. Requires 16K, cassette recorder and wand.
    BASIC Language Lab 26-3821 $29.95 This comprehensive guide helps you learn Model 100′s powerful Microsoft BASIC in an easy to use tutorial style. In addition to teaching BASIC commands and the process of writing programs, the BASIC Language Lab covers other related areas such as redefiniting function keys F1-F8, automatic execution of BASIC programs, and using Model 100′s graphic and sound capabilities. BASIC Language Lab provides complete examples of each new concept presented. Includes a cassette tape with three sample programs for further illustration.
    Business Decisions 26-3832 $39.95 Programs include Inventory Replenishment Analysis, Sequential Decision Analysis, Financial Ratios, Break-Even Analysis, Linear Programming and Pricing Table. Requires 24K memory.
    Business Finance 26-3831 $39.95 Twelve programs for business and personal finance applications. Easy to use. Includes Rent or Buy Decision, Depreciation and more.
    Calculator 26-3827 $19.95 Turn your Model 100 into an arithmetic “scratchpad”. The basic program performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, exponentiation and sfweral extended math functions. A special business program does extended calculations formulated to solve business-related problems.
    Data Manager (Cassette) 26-3836 $39.95 Personal filing system for the TRS-80 Model 100 Portable Computer. Lets you store, examine, update and list a variety of information – from personal records to appointment schedules.
    Data Manager 26-3841 $69.95 With user-defined record and report layouts. Requires 24K, cassette recorder and Disk/Video Interface.
    Data/Sort Plus 26-3838 $49.95 Powerful data base management system. DATA and DATAW let you enter, update, merge, and list information. SORT permits organizing files alphabetically or numerically. DATAW also allows fast information entry using the Bar Code Reader.
    Decision-Making with Investment Analysis 26-3824 $69.96 Compute yield to maturity, discount and more with the bonds analysis program. The options trading program charts and graphically displays the effects of various strategies such as Bull or Bear Spreads.< And you can compute discounted or non-discounted commissions with the stock commissioning program./td>
    Executive Calendar 26-3833 $19.95 A timemanagement program for busy executives. Display your scheduled appointments or a calendar for any month of any year with a few keystrokes. The program also calculates either days or weekdays between two dates and keeps track of the dates of 17 holidays.
    Expense/Graph Plus 26-3837 $49.95 Create financial reports and graphs with your TRS-80 Model 100. Use the Expense program to produce expense account reports or for planning and budgeting. The Graph program lets you create pie, bar or line graphs of any reports generated with Expense.
    Function Plotter 26-3834 $19.95 Graph almost any algebraic function of one or two variables, including planar cartesian, planar polar, three-dimensional cartesian and cylindrical polar. Requires either the CGP-215 or CGP-115 printers, FP-215 printerlplotter or the MultiPen Plotter.
    Investment Analysis 26-3824 $69.96 Computer yield to maturity, discount and more with the bonds analysis program. The options trading program charts and graphically displays the effects of various strategies such as Bull or Bear Spreads. And you can compute discounted or non-discounted commissions with the stock commissioning program.
    Personal Finance 26-3822 $19.95 Set up a budget to see where all your money is going. Personal Finance give you six comprehensive programs designed to assist you in managing your money. By setting budgets for various account categories of your choice, you simply enter monthly expenses in the appropriate categories. Then company your budgeted figures to the category expense totals which are presented in report format. In addition, Personal Finance includes a complete checkbook system that will reconcile monthly statements. You can also keep track of and provide reports on your savings account.
    Project Scheduler 26-3843 $39.95 Divide a large job into individual tasks. Requires 24K and cassette recorder.
    Remote Disk 26-3839 $59.95 Allows you to use your Model I/III/4/II/12 disk drive as a storage area for your Model 100 files. Easy to use and self booting. Includes cassette and diskette.
    SCRIPSIT 100 26-3830 $39.95 Turns Model 100 into a true word processor-with far more powerful and sophisticated features than Model 100′s built-in word processing software. Features advanced formatting capabilities. Produce correction-free letters, memos and reports with page headings, numbers, headers and footers and much more. Requires printer.
    Spectaculator 26-3828 $49.95 A minispreadsheet divided into rows and columns. Enter your formulas and numbers, and Spectacular automatically calculates and displays the results. Requires 16K memory.
    Starblaze-100 26-3840 $19.95 Save the Galaxy! Your mission is to destroy the alien ships being launched by the hostile mother ship. Excellent action graphics allow you to fly your fighter ship across the Model 100 screen as the aliens flee and planets zoom by.
    Statistics 26-3825 $29.95 Get the statistical information you need! Statistics generates reports for descriptive statistics, frequency distribution and histogram, correlation and regression, time series analysis, multiple regression and one-way and two-way analysis of variance. Includes thorough manual with examples.
    Tandy Code Read/Write 26-3847 $24.95 Generates and reads modified NATI code. Requires 24K, cassette recorder, printer, cable and bar code wand.
    TS-DOS 900-702 $69.96 A complete operating system for Model 100/Tandy 102 Portable Disk Drive. Save and load files directly in TEXT and write BASIC programs that access files on disk.

    ROM Software
    Product Cat No. Price Description
    Multiplan 26-3829 $149.95 An electronic worksheet that’s ROM-based-does not occupy Model 100 RAM! This portable version of, the popular spreadsheet analysis program provides a large grid for entries which can be made up of words, numbers or formulas. Alter a value or formula and watch the figures change as Multiplan automatically up dates all affected numbers.
    Interactive Solutions 26-3844 $149.94 Contains three programs: Data Manager, Spreadsheet and Text Formatter. Information stored in Data Manager can be utilized by Spreadsheet and Text. Data Manager can have up to 20 fields per record. Spreadsheet can be a maximum of 99 rows and 99 columns. Text gives you several printing parameters for better document control. Plugs into ROM socket – programs are not stored in RAM.


    How To … Make Your Model 100 Y2K Compatible
    Go to This Site


    How To … Transfer ASCII Files from an IBM to a Model 100
    1. Connect the RS-232 Port on the Model 100 to the Serial Port of the IBM
    2. Set the PC terminal program to 19,200 BPS, 8-Bit, No Parity, XON/XOFF Enabled
    3. Ensure that the PC terminal program does NOT add linefeeds
    X. Save the file you want as an ASCII file (we will assume it is FILE.TXT)
    X. Export the ASCII file to the PC
    X. On your PC – Open a DOS Shell or use DOS and type: MODE COM1: 300
    4. Go into BASIC on the Model 100
    5. Type “LOAD:COM:98n1e” (without the quotes)
    6. Hit (ENTER)
    7. On your PC – type, COPY FILE.TXT COM1:
    8. When done hit (CONTROL)-Z on the Model 100
    9. If the program transferred fine, SAVE it.
    OR
    Transferring Files from an IBM to a Model 100 [By Richard Hanson - Proprietor of Club 100]
    1. Download Desklink to C:\ROOT on your PC
    2. Execute the program (which is a self-expanding archive)
    3. Follow the instructions for DeskLink and TEENY (contained in the archive)


    How To … Install a .CO File by Richard Hanson
    The .CO file extension in a Model 100, 102, 200 means that the file is programmed in machine language. Just because you “see” the .CO file in your menu does not mean it is where it has to be to run. In fact, it’s easy to know if a .CO is installed as it will beep and return you to the menu if it is not. It’s that simple!
    Machine language programs can not run in a Model 100, 102, 200 without being “copied” to a special place in RAM. And yes, once copied to that special place in RAM the .CO files also reside in yet, another place in RAM so they will appear in your menu, i.e. a installed .CO file that is also seen in the menu is in RAM in two places. This is not necessarly bad — just the way it works in these machines.
    To copy the .CO file to that special place in RAM so it will run, you need to do the following steps.
    Note: In this example the word “filename” refers to the name of the .CO file, and ##### refers to the “Top:” number you need to find and use to install the .CO file.
    Go into BASIC and issue the commands:
    clear0,maxram
    loadm”filename.co
    You will get three numbers labeled "Top:", "End:" and "Exe:" followed by
    an error code -- ignore the error. Write down the "Top:" number.
    While still in BASIC, issue the commands:

    clear256,#####
    loadm"filename.co
    menu

    You have just installed the .CO file. Now, when you place your bar cursor
    over the file and hit it will run. These are the basics. There
    is far more to this subject, such as relocating .CO file code, installing
    more than one .CO via stacking, and .CO file swapping.


    Model 100 Internals ... Interface Pin-Outs
    Casette
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8    		 Remote 1
    Ground
    Remote 2
    RxC Receive data for CMT
    TxC Receive data for CMT
    Ground
    Not Connected
    Not Connected
    Modem Interface
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8    		 TL conventional telephone unit
    Ground
    RxMD Direct connect to tel (Ring)
    RxMC Acoustic coupler (MIC)
    TxMC Acoustic coupler (Speaker)
    Vdd
    TxMD Direct connect to tel (TIP)
    RP Ring Pulse (sic)


    Model 100 Y2K Patch
    Model 100 Year 2000 Menu Display Patch
    Chris Osburn - chris@muppetlabs.com
    WARNING! This patch has been tested on one and only one Model 100, i.e. the one on my desk. It has 32k of RAM. This has not been tested on machines having less RAM, nor has it been tested on the Model 102 or 200. I've noticed side effects on my machine when running machine-language programs. Usually these side effects resulted in locking the machine up or cold restarts causing memory loss. Make a backup! I haven't tested for effects on the built in apps as yet.
    BASIC should pose no problem as the program reserves for itself a small amount of high memory. You Have Been Warned. Caveat Utilitor. Your Mileage May Vary.
    Bug and side effect reports are welcome, but I doubt I'll be able to do much about them. This patch is no way as good a solution as patching and burning a new ROM. (By the way, if you can patch the ROM, set addr 5A53h = 32h and addr 5A56 = 30h and away you go!)
    Background
    The TRS-80 Model 100 was created in a joint venture between Kyocera (for the hardware) and Microsoft (for the software). The Model 100 has an attractive main menu display, which displays the date in the form "Jun 20,1998 Sat 13:15:36".
    The Model 100's real-time clock chip is a uPD 1990AC which stores a BCD represntation of month, day of week, day of month, hours, minutes and seconds. It also produces a pulse that drives a background process interrupt. Conspicuously absent is the year. The Model 100 works around this by storing the 2-digit year as 2 BCD digits in locations F92Dh and F92Eh and updating these by comparing the month reported by the 1990AC with a copy stored in addr F655h. The day-of-week is maintained in a separate register in the 1990AC, and not calculated. If you decide today is Sunday, the chip will happily believe you and tell you tomorrow is Monday, regardless of the actual day and date. This makes our task considerably easier.
    Nowhere in the internal workings of the Model 100 is the century stored or used. BASIC programs may therefore have year 2000 issues beyond the scope of this document. However, as noted above, the century is displayed on the main menu.
    At addr 5A15h is the routine that grabs the real time clock data and formats it for menu screen output. Notable in this routine are these instructions:
    5A4Fh: MVI M,2Ch ; store a comma
    INX H ; increment memory pointer
    MVI M,31h ; store the digit '1'
    INX H ; increment memory pointer
    MVI M,39h ; store the digit '9'
    (As noted above, if you can patch the 31h and 39h to read 32h and 30h, your work here is done. Feel free to let me know if you have this capability; i'd be happy to do business with you!)
    The 5A15h routine uses a scratch pad starting at FD88h to build the output string, and the "19" gets dropped into the two bytes FD8Fh and FD90h. If one had a way of changing these values before the instruction that copies them to the LCD display is called, surely we'd be in Nirvana. But the LCD update is called just a few instructions later.
    Method
    Enter the background process, mentioned above. 256 times per second the real time clock prods the RST 7.5 interrupt line on the 8085 processor, causing the routine at 003Ch to be executed. Eventually, this takes us to F5FFh where we find three bytes encoded
    F5FFh: RET
    NOP
    NOP
    Three bytes is just the right amount for a JMP instruction to take us to the code of our choice, just as the designers intended. (They did intend that, right?)
    Following is a BASIC program that reserves 16 bytes of memory for our update routine, pokes in the relevant processor instructions, then (very carefully) enables the patch by changing the bytes at F5FFh.
    1 ' TRS-80 Model 100 Year 2000 Menu
    2 ' patch. Run to get "20" to appear
    3 ' as the century. run 1000 to
    4 ' restore default functionality
    5 ' Side effects: Many! run 1000
    6 ' before questionable activity!
    10 ' allocate our memory by setting
    11 ' HIMEM
    20 CLEAR 256,62943
    30 ' read the instructions from data
    31 ' to memory
    40 FOR A=62944 TO 62956
    50 READ B
    60 POKE A,B
    70 NEXT A
    80 ' Enable the patch. We want to
    81 ' have JMP 0F5E0H encoded here.
    82 ' But, if we put the JMP instruction
    83 ' in first, the machine will just
    84 ' keep jumping to 0000h 256 times
    85 ' per second. So, we do this in
    86 ' reverse!
    100 POKE 62977,245 ' hi addr
    110 POKE 62976,224 ' lo addr
    120 POKE 62975,195 ' and JMP!
    190 ' The preassembled assembly
    191 ' program that gets called
    200 ' ORG 0F5E0H
    210 DATA 229 ' Y2K: PUSH H
    220 DATA 245 ' PUSH PSW
    230 DATA 33,143,253 ' LXI H,0FD8FH
    240 DATA 54,50 ' MVI M,32H
    250 DATA 35 ' INX H
    260 DATA 54,48 ' MVI M,30H
    270 DATA 241 ' POP PSW
    280 DATA 225 ' POP H
    290 DATA 201 ' RET
    999 END ' END Y2K
    1000 ' Code to disable the patch
    1001 ' if needed
    1010 POKE 62975,201 ' RET
    The code pushes registers that may be affected, then goes to store the "20" in the right place. It's certainly overkill to do this 256 times per second, and will likely have a performance impact. Unfortunately, there's no hook provided in the date string builder routine. The POKE at line 1010 restores the original RET instruction, disabling the patch.
    Side Effects
    The program uses the uppermost 16 bytes of free user memory (starting at MAXRAM - 16) to store the patch. Any machine language program that will use that area will need to have the patch disabled by restoring the RET instruction to F5FFh.
    I haven't determined whether the scratch pad at FD88h is used by any builtin programs. Obviously, the menu doesn't need it during at those times, and it appears that it isn't updated. A way of determining when one is in the menu program is desirable.
    I'm uncertain whether MAXRAM - 16 will be a suitable location for all users to store the patch. I need to rewrite the code to make that a settable variable. (Not hard, just haven't gotten there yet.)
    Conclusion
    I would rather the designers left off the century entirely than hard-code it to "19". This program should be considered a stopgap until a ROM upgrade facility is available. Perhaps one could get the Department of Justice to cause Microsoft to pick up the tab for this...
    References
    Morgan, Christopher L., Hidden Powers of the TRS-80 Model 100, The Waite Group, New York, 1984
    Tandy Corporation, TRS-80 Model 100 Assembler / Debugger Manual, catalog number 26-3823, Tandy Corporation, Fort Worth, Texas, 1984
    Tandy Corporation, TRS-80 Model 100 Owner's Manual, Tandy Corporation, Fort Worth, Texas, 1983
    Among other things made available for the Model 100, Tandy sold device called the Disk Video Interface. The DVI consisted of a box (approx 12" w x 6" h x 16" d), a monochrome monitor, a cable, a boot disk, and a manual. One would plug the cable into their Model 100, follow the booting instructions in the manual, and be able to view their Model 100 activities at either 40 column or 80 column on the video monitor.


    Model 100 Related Links
    Club 100
    Andy Diller's Site (Mirror)
    Current Model 100 Support / Sales
    Model 100 Pinouts

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